Smart City Concept Using BI/BO Model for the Ticket System in Urban Transport

Current ways of paying the fare in public transport systems are slowly getting outdated. They are seen as uneconomical and environmentally unfriendly. There is significant market demand to make them effortless and more convenient for passengers. One of the approaches to solving this problem is Be In/Be Out (BIBO) system that ensures making public transport payment contactless, without the demand of any action from the passenger. This research addresses the approach on making a prototype of the BIBO application working in the environment of the public transport system located in Lodz, Poland. The system is based on wireless connection with the use of the Bluetooth Low Energy modules located on passengers’ mobile devices and beacons installed in public transport vehicles. Entering the vehicle automatically starts a charge of fare from the passenger’s digital wallet while leaving the vehicle stops this process and finishes the transaction.