Human machine interface to provide a driver with information on a next motion of personal mobility vehicles

Personal mobility vehicles (PMVs) perform unique operations to change from one driving mode to another. Those operations are called shifting motions. The principal aim of this study is to develop a safety system for when a PMV performs shifting motions. We propose a human-machine interface (HMI) that provides a driver with information about the next motion of a PMV, which is difficult for a driver to predict. In this study, we conduct experiments to identify differences in usability between operation methods when a PMV performs a shifting motion. We use three patterns of operation in the experiments. The experimental results suggest that it is better to use multiple operational devices rather than a single operational device to command and authorize a shifting motion to switch from one driving mode to another.