Monitoring ECO-Hydrological Spring Onset Over Alaska and Northern Canada with Complementary Satellite Remote Sensing Data

More than half of the global land area undergoes seasonal freeze/thaw (FT) transitions in spring. Spatial patterns and timing of spring thawing influence eco-hydrological processes and landscape moisture availability over arctic and boreal ecosystems. The seasonal progression of spring thawing coincides with warmer temperatures, snowmelt, and a rapid increase in soil moisture, which initiates the growing season for ecosystem productivity. In this study, we utilize complementary satellite observations to determine the pattern and order of occurrence in landscape thawing, soil moisture increase, and ecosystem productivity that collectively define the eco-hydrological spring onset across Alaska and Northern Canada. Satellite data utilized include landscape FT status from SMAP and AMSR-2, OCO-2 derived solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (GOSIF), and gross primary production (GPP) and soil moisture from SMAP. The resulting spring onset maps showed spring thawing as the precursor to growing season onset, indicated by a rapid rise in available soil moisture and GPP. Our results indicated an average spring transition period of
$3\pm 2$
(SD) weeks between initial landscape thawing and growing season onset. A rapid increase in soil moisture generally followed landscape thawing but occurred before the subsequent seasonal rise in GPP. Spring onset generally occurred earlier in boreal forest (DOY
$102\pm 14$
) than arctic tundra (DOY
$124\pm 22$
).