Costs analysis of stealthy attacks with bounded output synchronized Petri nets

This paper concerns the security analysis of discrete event systems modeled with a particular class of synchronized Petri nets that include output functions, called Output Synchonized Petri nets. Such a formalism is suitable and tractable to represent a large variety of cyber-physical systems. In particular, we study here cyber-attacks that aim to drive the system from a given normal state to forbidden state. We assume that the attacker has a certain credit to insert and delete input and output events, depending on its own objectives. The proposed analysis aims to evaluate the costs of stealthy attacks on the controlled system depending on the objective of the controller, the structure of the system and the cost of the malicious actions.