The control of adaptive antenna arrays with genetic algorithms using dominance and diploidy

Adaptation of an antenna array controlled by digital-phase shifters using an advanced operator genetic algorithm is demonstrated. The genetic algorithm continuously optimizes the antenna's received signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) (Applebaum (1976) criterion) under changing interference conditions. Unlike earlier attempts to control adaptive array antennas using evolutionary optimization techniques, the current study uses a genetic algorithm with a population composed of individuals characterized by two chromosomes. Several numerical examples demonstrate that this "diploid" structure improves the ability of the genetic algorithm to adapt to changing conditions when compared with a simple genetic algorithm.