Modular Controller Design applied to Network Reduction Suited for Offline and Online Simulation

The integration of renewables has caused dynamic network reduction to gain grounds in both offline and online applications. This paper proposes a new multifunctional and modular automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and governor (GOV) model that may be used as equivalent controllers for any reduced-order power system model. The idea stemmed from the structure preservation technique and applied to mathematical models. The simplified exciter system (SEXS) and the TGOV1 (GovSteam0) were used as base models. Modifications were made to their control structure to enable the emulation of a wide range of controller responses. The control development and parameter optimization of the new modular simplified AVR (MSimAVR) and the modular simplified GOV (MSimGOV) were performed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory using particle swarm optimization (PSO), respectively. Validation of the MSimAVR and MSimGOV responses was performed by benchmarking them against other standard controller types and displayed encouraging results. The newly developed controllers were implemented, optimized, and tested on a coherency-based dynamic reduced model of the New England 68-bus test network for the intended usage. Additionally, the new controllers also demonstrated good robustness and versatility when tested in the reduced network under different fault scenarios.