Electro-Optical Numerical Modeling for the Design of UVA Nitride-Based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Diodes

Design rules are proposed for UVA vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes, and the modal gain and cavity properties are analyzed using an electro-optical numerical model. To achieve a low threshold current, it is important to align the gain-peak and resonance wavelengths, but the quantum-confined Stark effect makes that difficult because the former wavelength shifts with changing current density. The relationship between the gain peak and the injection current is discussed. Also, the quantum-well design affects the gain characteristics, and the gain properties with different quantum-well number, composition, and width are discussed.