Smart Island Energy Systems: Case Study of Ballen Marina on Samsø

Integrated community energy systems are an emerging concept for increasing the self-sufficiency and efficiency of local multi-energy systems. This idea can be conceptualised for the smart island energy systems due to their geographical and socioeconomic context, providing several benefits through this transformation. In this study, the energy system of the Ballen marina—located on the medium-sized Danish island of Samsø—is investigated. Particular consideration is given to the integration of PV, BESS, and—in the future—flexible loads. For this purpose, the BESS is modelled, incorporating the battery degradation process. The possibilities to improve energy utilisation and maximise self-consumption from the marina's PV units are identified and evaluated, demonstrating a substantial enhancement of the local system operation.