Antenna for IoT-Based Future Advanced (5G) Railway Communication With End-Fire Radiation

This work presents a design study of an antenna for future railway communications in the context of Internet of Things (IoT). 28-GHz resonance frequency has been considered for the 5G communication systems with end-fire radiations. The size of the proposed antenna array element is 100 mm
$\times20$
mm. The shark-fin cover is used to cover the antenna to protect it from the external environmental effects. The proposed antenna along with the 1.3-GHz bandwidth centered at 28 GHz results an expected end-fire radiation (
$\theta =83^{\circ }$
), with a gain of >10 dBi and its suitability to be installed on the roof of the train for communications to the front and back directions along with the track has been studied and discussed in detail.