Investigation on Homogenization of Flat and Conformal Stacked Dielectric Resonator Antennas

The homogenization theory for stacked dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) on planar and curved ground planes is investigated. The commonly used static capacitance models are reevaluated more comprehensively to reveal and analyze their deficiencies. For improvement, the effective medium theory is introduced to provide superior empirical equations. Furthermore, a resonance-based homogenization methodology with explicit physical intension is developed. All the presented methods are tested with sets of DRA samples where the layer thickness, permittivity ratio, stacking order, and resonant mode are under consideration. Performances of each method are discussed based on error analysis.