Spectral–Spatial Joint Feature Extraction for Hyperspectral Image Based on High-Reliable Neighborhood Structure

In recent years, semisupervised spectral–spatial feature extraction (FE) methods for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification have shown promising performance by combining spectral–spatial information and label information. A problem that has not been addressed satisfactorily is that how to effectively and collaboratively use this abundant information contained in the hyperspectral data to exhibit better HSI classification performance. In this article, a novel FE method based on joint spectral–spatial information is proposed for HSI classification, which consists of the following steps. First, an effective re-expression for the original data is constructed by incorporating texture features extracted by extended multiattribute profiles with the original HSI. Thus, every pixel can be described by diverse and complementary information in the spectral–spatial domain. Then, the improved neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) is proposed to establish a relatively accurate reconstruction model and mine high-reliable neighborhood structure from a global perspective by a new distance metric, which incorporates spectral bands, texture features, and geographical information simultaneously. Finally, the low-dimensional and high-discriminative features for HSI classification are obtained by combining the scatter matrices of local fisher discriminant analysis based on labeled samples and the improved NPE based on the whole data. Experimental results on three real-world HSI datasets show that the proposed method can effectively utilize both the label information and the spectral–spatial information, and hence, achieve much better classification performance compared to the conventional FE methods and some state-of-the-art spectral–spatial classification methods.