An Adaptive Hybrid Beamforming Approach for 5G-MIMO mmWave Wireless Cellular Networks

Hardware complexity reduction is a key concept towards the design and implementation of next generation broadband wireless networks. To this end, the goal of the study presented in this paper is to evaluate the performance of an adaptive hybrid analog-digital beamforming approach in fifth-generation (5G) massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless cellular orientations. In this context, generated beams are formed dynamically according to traffic demands, via an on-off analog activation of radiating elements per vertical antenna array, in order to serve active users requesting high data rate services without requiring any expensive and mechanical complex steering antenna system. Each vertical array, which constitutes a radiating element of a circular array configuration, has a dedicated radio frequency chain (digital part). The performance of our proposed approach is evaluated statistically, by executing a sufficient number of independent Monte Carlo simulations per MIMO configuration, via a developed system-level simulator incorporating the latest 5G-3GPP channel model. According to the presented results, the adaptive beamforming approach can improve various key performance indicators (KPIs) of the wireless orientation, such as total downlink transmission power and blocking probability. In particular, when studying/analyzing a MIMO configuration with 15 vertical antenna arrays and 10 radiating elements per array, then, depending on the tolerable amount of transmission overhead, the proposed adaptive algorithm can significantly reduce the number of active radiating antenna elements compared to the static grid of beams case. In the same context, when keeping the number of radiating elements constant, then the total downlink transmission power as well as the blocking probability can be significantly reduced. It is important to note that all the KPIs have been extracted when deploying the developed array configuration in complex cellular orientations (two tiers of cells around the central cell).