Angle of Arrival distribution for Coherent Scattering from an Undulating Sea Surface

In this work, we aim to evaluate the statistical characterization of the angle of arrival (AoA) at the receiver due to coherent scattering from a random sea surface. We represent the sea surface as a Sum of Sinusoids (SoS) and model it using Pierson-Moscovitz (PM) sea wave spectrum. We evaluate the random behavior of potential scatterers along the sea surface, sea surface wave height, and their possible impact on the distribution of AoA at the receiver. Initially, analysis is carried out for a single realization of the sea surface, i.e., a sinusoidal surface. The results obtained for a sinusoidal surface are averaged to evaluate the characteristics of the ensemble-averaged SoS surface. The AoA model proposed in this work can be applied to diverse environmental conditions. The PDF so obtained can further be used to evaluate the Doppler spread and Autocorrelation function in an UW channel.