Frequency Regulation From Distributed Energy Resource Using Cloud-Edge Collaborations Under Wireless Environments

The increasing integration of variable renewable energy increases the demand for a power system’s frequency regulation resources. The decreasing share of controllable power generators makes the frequency regulation resources insufficient. Simultaneously, distributed energy resources (DER) on the distribution network side, such as storage devices, electric vehicles, and controllable building energy systems, have excellent potential to provide frequency support. However, power system dispatchers cannot control these resources in the same manner as conventional power sources. These sources have power output uncertainties and cannot directly access power system communication networks. This paper proposes a cloud-edge collaboration and wireless communication coordination framework to facilitate DER frequency regulations. The cloud balances the power uncertainty of controllability in edges together with computing burden, wire, and wireless communication loads. Also, the edges adjust storage’s power outputs to achieve frequency regulations and covering PV power fluctuations. A numerical case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. The solution holds 95.5% frequency regulation adjustable power capacity of theoretical maximum on average. Meanwhile, the computing costs reduce by 36.3%, and wire communication only operates in 0.35% of a day as a supplement (reduces by 99.65%).