The Influence of the Emission Source on Outcoupling and Directivity of Patterned Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

The perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted considerable research interests in recent years due to their decent and tunable optoelectronic characteristics. Here, we unveil the properties of the emission source (e.g., location, polarization, etc.) and the influences of the incorporated nanopatterns on the light emission of PeLEDs by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The results indicated that the PeLEDs with nanopatterns not only show substantial improvement of light extraction intensity but also reveal a remarkable directivity. Moreover, the emission angle of the directional PeLEDs can be continuously engineered over 65
^o
by judicious selection of the nanopatterns. This work is of great importance for engineering highly directional and efficient luminescence devices.