A New Closed-Form Approach (Equation) for Accurately Predicting the Efficiency of Square Patch Planar Antennas

Patch antenna is one of the most common type of antenna design due to its simplicity of orientation, dimension, configuration, and ease of implementation over a vast and variety of materials: such as fabrics to printed circuit boards. This work discovers and shows how to quickly predict the efficiency of a simple patch without the need for expensive software and/or hardware using a novel equation that relates the loss tangent, dielectric constant, and substrate height to patch efficiency. This first of a kind equation is used for assessing whether the efficiency of the patch is suitable enough for use on said intended exotic material substrate that have height of 62 mils or less (which is respectfully suitable for most applications). The simple closed form equation can predict efficiency with high accuracy. Discrepancies between quick ADS electromagnetic (EM) simulations and predictions were less than 5%-7% error for various materials (with height ≤ 62 mils) at frequencies ranging from 2.5 GHz - 10 GHz.