Performance Index Assessment for the PV Fleet Performance Data Initiative

We report on 250 PV systems throughout the United States, comprising 157 MWdc of system capacity and more than 10,000 monthly performance index (PI) values. Loss factors were isolated including first-year start-up issues, snowfall, soiling and inverter downtime. Inverter availability was found to contribute significant system energy loss during the first six months of operation, with an average of 8% loss occurring during this period, and 2.3% on average thereafter. Other start-up issues beyond inverter downtime, such as partial string outage, contributed additional underperformance in the first year of operation across the fleet. Winter performance was also found to be below summer performance on average, likely due to snowfall. A relationship was found between monthly snowfall accumulation in centimeters and monthly under-performance, indicating a 6%-40% loss in months with measured snowfall, depending on climate. After correcting for availability, snow and startup loss, over 90% of systems were performing within 10% of monthly expectation based on satellite resource data and PVWatts production estimates.