Origin of ions for crystalline silicon solar module under high system voltage

The ions generated from electrochemical reactions among packaging materials have a significant effect on the performance of solar module in the power plant. In this paper, the origin of ions for crystalline silicon solar module under high system voltage was investigated. It was found that there exist different ions in module under different polarity system voltage. These generated ions could reduce the adhesion strength of packaging materials and leads to delamination of module. Especially, the generated ions under negative bias could lead to insulation failure and PID. The obtained results are beneficial to understand the performance of solar module in the field.