An efficient cluster-based routing using Sparrow Search Algorithm for heterogeneous nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent days, Wireless Sensor Networks becomes prevalent due to their application in a modern communication network. To design the protocols, efficient use of its limited energy is the primary concern since in many adverse conditions, it is challenging to replace or recharge the battery depleted nodes. The key aspects that impinge the performance are energy use, stability, quality, operation, and network lifetime. Hence this paper presents an efficient cluster-based routing model using Sparrow search Algorithm derives a fitness function to perform clustering process. The foraging and antipredator nature of sparrows effectively select the cluster heads and optimal routing paths to BS. Vast testing has been done to validate the implementation of the proposed model to achieve maximum energy efficiency and network lifetime over other compared methods under varying number of nodes and iteration in the network.