Co-Optimization of Supply and Demand Resources for Load Restoration of Distribution System Under Extreme Weather

To deal with the issue of the distribution system (DS) resilience enhancement under extreme weather events, this paper presents a new methodological framework for enhancing the load restoration of DS during a hurricane. As distinct from existing studies, this approach integrates mobile emergency generators (MEGs) and prosumer communities (PCs) incorporating combined heat and power (CHP) units, electric boilers (EBs), photovoltaic (PV) sources, and demand response (DR) resources and comprehensively explores the coordination and flexibility of supply-side and demand-side resources to boost the post-disaster DS recovery. The discussed problem is formulated by using a two-stage robust optimization model. In the first stage, the MEGs are pre-positioned prior to the hurricane with the objective of minimizing the outage cost of the load to promote the capability of DS to resist extreme disturbance. The second stage determines the real-time allocation of MEGs, output power of CHP units and EBs, and the power consumption of electric loads after the hurricane to maximize DS’s load recovery considering the worst-case of the uncertainty realization. Since the fragility analysis of network elements has an essential impact on the efficacy of the optimal strategy, we introduce the Z-number-based approach to scientifically determine the failure probability of components considering the effect of the aging of components and the credibility of the failure information obtained from the fragility. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is examined based on an IEEE 123-bus distribution test system, and the obtained results confirm the validity of the proposed approach in actual implementations.