Enhancing Resilience of Distribution Networks by Coordinating Microgrids and Demand Response Programs in Service Restoration

In case of high-impact low-probability events, in order to restore the critical loads of the distribution network as much as possible, it is necessary to employ all available resources such as microgrids and distributed generations. This article presents a two-stage method for critical load restoration after an extreme event utilizing the coordination of all available distributed generations, microgrids, and demand response programs. In the first stage, the postdisaster reconfiguration of the network is determined, and in the second stage, the demand response outputs of the responsive loads and the restoration status of all critical loads are ascertained. In the first stage, an algorithm is proposed to determine electrical islands, and in the second stage, a new model based on the generalized Benders decomposition algorithm is proposed, which considers demand response programs and all operational constraints and aims to maximize the restored critical loads. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulating the 33- and 69-bus test systems.