A Holistic Team Cognition With Better Information Transparency: A Mixing Pattern of Team Interaction in Landing Systems

In a complex system, a heterogeneous team with diverse expertise should coordinate to solve complex problems. However, goal differences and various information systems have been identified as causing operational disconnects and resource competition between agents. This research, based on Changi Airport, Singapore, investigates the relationship among information sharing, two types of interactions, and system outcomes by performing agent-based modeling (ABM) to obtain practical strategies for avoiding conflicts related to resource competition in heterogeneous teams. Simulation results are assessed by considering reliability and efficiency. The system with improved implicit interactions reduces fuel consumption by up to 13%. Simultaneously, both types of interactions partially improve system reliability by reducing the need for go-arounds and facilitate system efficiency by improving the overall mobility of air traffic flow. The system with a mixing pattern of interactions achieves optimal improvements. To fully leverage the potential benefits, both types of interactions should be considered integrally. Accordingly, information that reveals the onset of nonroutine scenarios should be monitored by both parties to connect implicit and explicit interactions.