An X-Band Coupled Lined Based Channel Failure Detection Mechanism For Active Phased Arrays

Active phased arrays are mainly used in radars providing exceptional detection, targeting, tracking, and self-protection capabilities. In these radars, every element has its own Transmit/Receive (T/R) module, which makes the system more reliable. However, a detection mechanism is considered imperative for maintenance, repair and overhaul of RF front-end of active phased array radars in general and T/R modules in particular. The proposed research aims to devise a mechanism of RF power sensing of each T/R channel, particularly design, study and simulation of coupled line operating in X-Band from 9.5 to 12 GHz for failure detection. Several designs have been proposed beginning with a design consisting of quad through ports and terminated coupled port. All designs were modelled in ANSYS HFSS on Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. Subsequently, the initial design was re-modelled with incorporation of a Vivaldi antenna array and terminated through ports as separate cases to study the effects i.e., return losses and coupling ratio. Likewise, the effects, in case of incorporation of coupled line and in the absence of the same were studied. The grounded coplanar waveguide was opted for realization of the aforementioned designs on said high-frequency laminate due to its minimal radiation losses and moderate fabrication complexity.