Small-Scale Substation Model-From Design to Implementation

This paper explains a micro-controller board's adaptation to emulate a substation utilized to control power system equipment. The goal was the utilization for teaching electrical engineering technology students. This working model demonstrates and teaches students how power systems are wired and controlled using protective relays. The first part describes the overall substation board wiring diagram, how the electronics were selected, what the board looked like after construction, and provided a cost estimation of the whole project. The most common electronic device selected is an Arduino Mega micro-controller. All the substations control depends on the controller's operation abilities. The next topic covered the types of protective relays and power system control options that the board features. The three specific relays the board can implement are 50, 51, and 59 protective relays. It also explains how all these features work and other concepts are programmed into the board to mitigate improper control, such as inrush current. The results and data gathered to prove that the board's design, construction, and programming methods are very closely the industry-standard control practices addressing power systems. The findings verify that the main objective of creating a working small-scale substation model was a success.