Real-time Aggregation of Large-scale EVs Considering Fast Charging

An extended state space model for aggregation of large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) for frequency regulation in power systems is presented in this study. The proposed model systematically deals with the fast-charging of EVs as an effective solution for immediate charging requirements. Furthermore, the proposed model increases the flexibility of the EV aggregator (EVA) by enabling the EVs to take part in frequency regulation with both regular and fast charging/discharging rates. This will help the EVA to provide immediate and effective response to severe supply-demand imbalances. The proposed model has been simulated for a community-level microgrid which includes 10,000 EVs; and is supplied by a wind generation system and a conventional generator.