Effect Of Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generation On Negative Sequence Directional Element Using Typhoon Real-Time Hardware In The Loop (HIL)

There has been an increase in the decentralization of electrical power generation with the introduction of Inverter Based Distributed Generation (IBDG). This restructuring of the grid system achieves a resilient and closer to carbon-free grid. Despite the growing integration of IBDG, there has been operational challenges such as power quality deterioration and mis-operation of grid protection equipment, caused by the power electronic interface of inverters along with wind, solar intermittency and grid bidirectionality. Several mitigation techniques have been proposed in the literature. However, this paper focuses on the problem of the maloperation of traditional protection relays due to increased IBDG penetration. Many studies in protection of IBDG networks have been conducted, yet protection equipment exclusively for IBDG applications are not yet developed. This paper will focus on the mis-operation of the Negative Sequence Voltage Polarized (NSVP) directional element caused by IBDG, which will be investigated using a Typhoon Inc. Virtual test bed (real-time simulation platform), running with a Hardware in the Loop (HIL) protection relay. The simulation is conducted on a modified IEEE 13-node system while the IBDG is modelled to have Dynamic VAR control.