An RED Hybrid Model for SOC Tracking, Runtime Prediction and Transient Response Description

This paper presents a hybrid model combining an improved kinetic battery model (KiBaM) with an electrical circuit model (ECM) for capturing the behaviors of a reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack in the recycle operation mode. This model is capable of capturing the self-consumed effect and nonlinear effects (i.e., rate capacity effect and recovery effect), tracking the state of charge (SOC), predicting the runtime and describing the transient response of the stack. The details of the model extraction procedure are explained. The validity of the proposed model is verified by the comparison between experimental and numerical simulation results.