Design of Highly Uniform Magnetic Field Cylinder Coils Based on Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm in Atomic Sensors

In this study, a method to design highly uniform magnetic field cylinder coils based on the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm is proposed. For the first time, this method is applied to the magnetic field design area. In this way, the uniform magnetic field region was expended, and the newly designed coils could be utilized in atomic sensors. Compared with other types of coil, namely the Genetic Algorithm (GA) coils and Lee–Whiting coils, the GWO coils exhibit the highest degree of uniformity. The uniform region of the GWO coils is in the range of [−0.53R, 0.53R] along the z-axis and exhibits a relative uniformity of less than 0.1%, as confirmed by experiments. This indicates that the newly designed coils display a huge superiority in the size of the uniform region, thus being able to provide a more uniform magnetic field. With the aim of enhancing the performance of the magnetic field compensation system of SERF atomic sensors, the proposed method also serves as an effective optimized algorithm to design highly uniform magnetic field coils coupled with magnetic shielding layers.