Simulated annealing-based beam management for 5G vehicular networks

Despite the huge development in the fifth generation (5G) vehicular networks, the data transmission is still suffering from the signal attenuation, especially when vehicles move. It is due to the limited 5G connectivity range where the frequency waves, named mmWaves, are only able to cross a short distance and are interrupted by physical obstacles like buildings, trees, and walls. These obstacles can obstruct, disrupt or absorb a part of the transmitted signal. To overcome this drawback, various beam management approaches were proposed in the literature to find the best transmission beam that increases the performance of 5G vehicular networks. In this paper, we propose a new simulated annealing algorithm that adjusts dynamically the direction of the beam according to the connected vehicle positioning, where the mmWave base station selects for each vehicle position the optimal angle that maximizes the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of the received signal. The results obtained showed the effectiveness of this proposal to establish an efficient communication between the mmWave BS and the connected vehicle compared to conventional method.