Model-Driven Interoperability Layer for Normalized Connectivity Across Smart Grid Domains

The connectivity of heterogeneous components is the key factor behind the notion of the Internet of Things (IoT). Typically, IoT applications involve several communication protocols that are developed based on heterogeneous data models. This has complicated the connectivity within IoT applications. It has also caused significant interoperability issues. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel connectivity layer which we refer to as the Distributed Data Interoperability Layer (DDIL). DDIL aims at addressing the connectivity issues that arise due to the heterogeneity of data models. In the approach, we construct DDIL into different software components. We then describe these components as a set of configurable features to allow DDIL to be tailored based on the requirements of each application. DDIL has the capabilities to address both syntactic and semantic interoperability. The feature-oriented design of DDIL provides required flexibility which is a key concern in several IoT applications. Additionally, DDIL supports backward compatibility. It also allows utilizing preexisting technologies which supports rapid development of applications. We implemented the approach in a simulated smart grid environment. The results prove that DDIL has the capabilities to support the connectivity of different applications even if they are developed based on different protocols and heterogeneous data models.