Voltage-Assisted Sequence Current-Based Pilot Relaying for Lines With/Without TCSC

Several schemes are available in the literature to protect transmission lines (TLs). These schemes are either transmission network-specific or require modifications in case of any changes in the TL structure. FACTS devices are often incorporated in TLs to increase power transfer and improve controllability and stability. There have been many developments in the field of protection of FACTS-TL. However, the search for a scheme that can successfully adapt to the system changes and can be applied to almost any transmission network to identify the line faults is still ongoing. With advancements in communication technology and global positioning system-enabled time-tagged data, the voltage and current data can be synchronized and, therefore, the pilot relaying may become more viable. Utilizing these technological advances, a digital pilot relaying scheme, for the protection of TLs with or without series compensation and any type of short-circuit fault under any loading condition, is proposed in this paper.