Development of dielectric de Laval nozzles for laser electron acceleration by ultrashort pulses micromachining

This work reports the development and experimental implementation of a methodology for manufacturing submillimetric de Laval nozzles by ultrashort laser pulses micromachining by trepanning. The use of a ceramic substrate resulted in the fabrication of nozzles with high circularity and low roughness, which should generate high-quality gas targets for accelerating electrons with ultrashort laser pulses.