Traffic-based Congestion Management algorithm for Wireless Sensor networks

In this research paper, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is described as a self-organized network system formed by the collection of nodes that are capable of sensing, monitoring, processing, and communication in an autonomous manner. This WSNs uses real-time applications for monitoring each event that happened during the packet transmissions. Sensor nodes (SNs) are deployed randomly in a specific environment. Each sensor node uses a short-range transmitter, to route the packets from source node towards the destination node. This research paper demonstrated the network congestion problem that happens during packet transmission from one node to another node in WSNs. Moreover, network congestion normally happens when packets distribution in a network overload both transmission channel and nodes which leads to link congestion in WSNs. This further decrement the packet delivery ratio, network throughput, and high end-to-end delay. Therefore, the Traffic-based Congestion Management (TCM) algorithm is proposed to manage network congestion in WSNs. The TCM algorithm was developed by integrating two algorithms namely: Routing Congestion Control (RCC) algorithm and Traffic Rate Adjustment (TRA) algorithm. Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) was used as a simulation tool. Simulation results showed that the proposed TCM algorithm performed better than RCC and TRA algorithms with the improvement of packet delivery ratio by 68.7%, network throughput increased by 98.9 %, and end-to-end delay reduced by 34.2%.