A Survey of Positioning Systems for Ships Based on New Categories

Positioning monitor and control technologies enable navy surface ships for maintaining the position and heading automatically. This can happen through the thruster forces and moment that influence the disruptions to the climate, including wind, waves, and ocean currents. The number of Dynamic Positioning (DP) ships has risen hundreds to thousands from the initial and it is continuing to increase. The need for the DP system was due to the activity of the offshore ships, such as offshore support ships, offshore building ships, floating hotels, and industrial ships. Nowadays, many maritime segments, such as cruises ships and icebreakers, need the DP system functionalities as well. However, there is still a need for an updated survey paper that incorporates some of the previously proposed precise and accurate positioning systems. In this paper, we aim to survey the numerous ship positioning techniques at the sea, based on various technologies and systems listed in the literature. This paper concentrates mainly on positioning systems from a new vision that is highlighted and graded in new categories. The new categories are based on the DP system, clustering AIS, UAV, and others. Compared to the latest survey papers, various approaches are also previewed from the perspective of the technological improvements that have been used.