Worst-case optimal scheduling and real-time control of a microgrid offering active power reserve

This work is focused on optimization problems within the predictive control framework for determining and engaging flexibility of a microgrid in grid-microgrid energy exchange. The microgrid has a controllable battery storage and other components represented with a residual power flow. All main economical constituents of the grid-connected microgrid operation are considered: day-ahead, intra-day, peak power and battery degradation costs, as well as flexibility provision rewards and penalties. The problems are posed as worst-case minimization linear programs in which all flexibility activation scenarios are taken into account. An analysis is conducted for various combinations of flexibility reservation and activation prices that can be bid to a grid entity. Technical and economical feasibility of the flexibility provision is confirmed by the use of an online model predictive controller that optimally adheres to the grid flexibility requests according to the declared reserve.