A Review on The Medical Applications of Electroencephalography (EEG)

The human-brain is a complex-organ developed with nerve cells which are known as the neurons. The human body functions are controlled by the electrochemical activity of the nerve cells which in turn generates electric signals. The functions and activities of the human body parts and organs are disturbed by the abnormal brain functions created by unusual brain electrical activity. The brain electricity could be monitored as electrical signals with an electrical signal measurement process called electroencephalography (EEG). The function and the health of the brain can be studied through EEG signals-analysis which are acquired noninvasively or invasively as the electrical signature of the brain physiology. Therefore, several brain-diseases, brain disorders, and brain injuries can be diagnosed by analyzing the information extracted from the EEG signals. The paper reviews the application of the EEG in medical science and summarises the present status and future possibilities of the EEG technology in neuroscience and neuro-engineering. The papers reviewed the EEG application for major brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumours, and stroke.