High Efficiency Thermoelectric Temperature Control System With Improved Proportional Integral Differential Algorithm Using Energy Feedback Technique

This article proposes an efficient thermoelectric temperature control system based on an improved proportional integral differential (PID) algorithm in which energy feedback technology is used to enhance thermoelectric cooling. In the proposed power management system, two groups of batteries are efficiently and alternatingly charged and discharged such that the information of the circuit can be monitored in real time. The PID algorithm is improved by using the idea of a state machine to control the thermoelectric coolers (TEC) through an H-bridge circuit with pulsewidth modulation. Finally, the energy feedback circuit combined with improved synchronous switching technology is designed to recycle the energy to drive the sensor. By inputting current of 3.1 A, a wide range of temperature control from 1.437 to 60.187 °C was implemented. While targeting a temperature of 10 °C at an ambient temperature of 22 °C, the proposed temperature control system had a control time of 30.5 s, compared with 287 s when using the conventional method, with an accuracy of 0.1 °C, and an error of only ±0.35 °C. The results confirm that electric energy at a peak voltage of 1.2 V and current of 24 μA can be recovered. The proposed energy feedback system can thus improve the efficiency of energy utilization of TEC from a peripheral circuit.