Electrical, Optical, and Reliability Analysis of QD-Embedded Kesterite Solar Cell

Quantum engineering in kesterite solar cells reveals a blending advancement keeping in mind that copper–zinc–tin–sulfide (CZTS)-based material requires high-research implementation as a replacement for CIGS materials. In this article, a quantum-dot-embedded kesterite solar cell is proposed, in which CZTS
_x
$\text{Se}1-_{x}$
and CZTS are taken as dot and barrier, respectively, with different sulfur (S) and selenium (Se) content. Focus is given on the incorporation of quantum dots (QDs) and a detailed investigation is carried out through optical and electrical performance, which shows the uniqueness of this study. Quantum efficiency of the solar cell with separate internal and external absorption is also investigated. Different issues on carrier propagation, recombination, and collection are emphasized to highlight the effect of carrier quantization in material. The reliability analysis of the solar cell is also a new scope to investigate the trap-assisted recombination. The detail analysis and remarkable efficiency may bring a new path for next-generation solar cells.