Influence of B site substitutions on dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics of fluoridated PZT

Some acceptor and fluorine co-doped PZT ceramics exhibit a low and non hysteretic dependence of d/sub 33/ coefficient under uniaxial static stress up to 120 MPa and of N/sub 33/ coefficient versus temperature between -40/spl deg/C and +80/spl deg/C. This behavior could be explained by a strong clamping effect of the domain walls due to the acceptor ion - F dipole, less mobile than the oxygen vacancy-acceptor ion defect dipole. In order to understand the hysteresis mechanism and the role of fluorine ions, fluoridated materials with different acceptors in B site have been prepared and characterized.