Automatic Detection of Road Types From the Third Military Mapping Survey of Austria-Hungary Historical Map Series With Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

With the increased amount of digitized historical documents, information extraction from them gains pace. Historical maps contain valuable information about historical, geographical and economic aspects of an era. Retrieving information from historical maps is more challenging than processing modern maps due to lower image quality, degradation of documents and the massive amount of non-annotated digital map archives. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) solved many image processing challenges with great success, but they require a vast amount of annotated data. For historical maps, this means an unprecedented scale of manual data entry and annotation. In this study, we first manually annotated the Third Military Mapping Survey of Austria-Hungary historical map series conducted between 1884 and 1918 and made them publicly accessible. We recognized different road types and their pixel-wise positions automatically by using a CNN architecture and achieved promising results.