A Complete Impedance Model of a PMSG-Based Wind Energy Conversion System and Its Effect On the Stability Analysis of MMC-HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farms

Impedance modeling of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) usually ignores the machine-side dynamics, instead, the machine-side system is simplified as a constant power source, while merely keeping the detailed grid-side converter model. This simplification is mainly based upon the intuition that the dc-bus capacitor is large enough so that the machine- and grid-side dynamics can be decoupled. However, the simplification probably does not hold in practice since there is always a tendency to minimize the capacitor size to achieve a smaller package for installation. Therefore, the machine-side system should not be ignored, otherwise maybe leading to error for stability analysis. To address this issue, this paper developed a complete ac-side impedance model of the PMSG-based WECS. Then, impact factors about the coupling characteristics between machine- and grid-side systems of the PMSG-based WECS are discussed. Finally, a case study of sub/super synchronous oscillation is carried out on a practical offshore wind farm integrated with a modular multilevel converter based high-voltage dc (MMC-HVDC) transmission system in China. The results show that ignoring the machine-side system would lead to an optimistic stability judgement, which confirms the necessity of the complete model of PMSG-based WECS. Furthermore, the system can be stabilized by either changing the couplings between machine- and grid-side systems of PMSG-based WECS or implementing active damping in the wind farm side MMC.