Tensor Casting: Co-Designing Algorithm-Architecture for Personalized Recommendation Training

Personalized recommendations are one of the most widely deployed machine learning (ML) workload serviced from cloud datacenters. As such, architectural solutions for high-performance recommendation inference have recently been the target of several prior literatures. Unfortunately, little have been explored and understood regarding the training side of this emerging ML workload. In this paper, we first perform a detailed workload characterization study on training recommendations, root-causing sparse embedding layer training as one of the most significant performance bottlenecks. We then propose our algorithm-architecture co-design called Tensor Casting, which enables the development of a generic accelerator architecture for tensor gather-scatter that encompasses all the key primitives of training embedding layers. When prototyped on a real CPUGPU system, Tensor Casting provides $1.9 - 21 \times$ improvements in training throughput compared to state-of-the-art approaches.