Estimation of Batteries Voltages and Resistances in Modular Multilevel Converter With Half-Bridge Modules Using Modified PSO Algorithm

This research is focused on estimation of the batteries voltages and resistances in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with half-bridge topology using particle swarm optimization (PSO). This estimation can be helpful to reduce the cost of MMCs by removing the voltage sensors required for the modules. In this paper, the concept of PSO is introduced, modified, and applied for estimation of the batteries voltages and resistances in the MMC modules. Half-bridge modules are considered in this investigation for the MMC. Different settings of PSO have been considered and the simulation results show that such estimation can be effectively realized by the modified PSO algorithm.