Impact of Wind System and Redox Flow Batteries on LFC Studies under Deregulated Scenario

This article demonstrates the impact of redox flow battery (RFB) and wind systems (WS) on a two-area LFC system. Area-1, 2 comprises of WS-thermal units. A maiden effort was made to utilize integral minus tilt derivative (I-TD) as a secondary controller in LFC studies. The I-TD gains are optimized by an algorithm named by crow search optimization (CSO) technique. Performance comparisons of I-TD with PID, TID are found to be better. Moreover, comparative studies are conducted with random and fixed wind velocities of WS. Further the system with integration of WS, AC-HVDC and RFB show better dynamics over thermal alone. Furthermore, the optimal location of RFB is also found in the disturbance located control area.