Broadband 8–12 GHz 8 × 8 Modified Butler Matrix

A modified 8 × 8 Butler Matrix was simulated, fabricated, and measured for operation at X-band. The butler matrix network feed is a passive circuit approach for beamforming and controlling the direction of the antenna beams for communication between ground stations and Low Earth Orbit-Satellites for Command and Control functions. The phase progression difference (PPD) performance of 0°, ±45°, ±90°, ±135° and 180° was measured. Simulated and measured performance are verified in the X-Band, 8-12 GHz operating frequency range with Amplitude Imbalance of ±0.7 dB (simulated) and ±1 dB (measured), and Phase Imbalance of ±10° (simulated) and ±15° (measured).