A Survey on Classification Algorithms of Brain Images in Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Feature Extraction Techniques

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most serious neurological disorders for elderly people. AD affected patient experiences severe memory loss. One of the main reasons for memory loss in AD patients is atrophy in the hippocampus, amygdala, etc. Due to the enormous growth of AD patients and the paucity of proper diagnostic tools, detection and classification of AD are considered as a challenging research area. Before a Cognitively normal (CN) person develops symptoms of AD, he may pass through an intermediate stage, commonly known as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). MCI is having two stages, namely StableMCI (SMCI) and Progressive MCI (PMCI). In SMCI, a patient remains stable, whereas, in the case of PMCI, a person gradually develops few symptoms of AD. Several research works are in progress on the detection and classification of AD based on changes in the brain. In this paper, we have analyzed few existing state-of-art works for AD detection and classification, based on different feature extraction approaches. We have summarized the existing research articles with detailed observations. We have also compared the performance and research issues in each of the feature extraction mechanisms and observed that the AD classification using the wavelet transform-based feature extraction approaches might achieve convincing results.