3-D Object Imaging Method With Electromagnetic Vortex

The electromagnetic (EM) vortex imaging has demonstrated superior performance in target detection and imaging with azimuthal super-resolution. However, the restricted elevation resolution degrades the acquisition of target spatial information, which limits the development of the radar imaging technology based on orbital angular momentum (OAM). This article offers a solution to achieve the 3-D EM vortex imaging, by effectively utilizing relative motion between radar and target in the line-of-sight (LOS) direction. First, the forward-looking radar imaging scenario is presented, the 3-D echo model is derived, and the characteristics are analyzed as well. Second, the imaging method, based on the back-projection (BP) and spectrum estimation method, is proposed to obtain the target’s 3-D focused image. Furthermore, the influence factors about the elevation resolution are analyzed by the point spread function (PSF). Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analyses.