A Fully Polarized Antenna Covering the Hemispherical Airspace

A fully polarized antenna has been proposed in this paper. The antenna is composed of four independent antennas, named X, Y, H, V. The simulation and measurement results verify the independent antenna radiation performance and the function of the fully polarized antenna. From 2.33 GHz to 2.45 GHz (4.1% impedance bandwidth), the
$S_{11}$
parameters of all antennas are lower than −10 dB. The
$S_{21}$
parameters tested among antennas are lower than −23.0 dB in the 2.2–2.6 GHz frequency band. The X and Y antenna cover the
$0^{\circ } < \theta < 60^{\circ }$
airspace and the H and V antenna cover the
$60^{\circ } < \theta < 90^{\circ }$
airspace. The independent antenna polarization has been accurately present, and the orthogonality of the polarization has been verified. The X and Y antenna cover orthogonal polarized radiation in 93.4% of hemisphere and the H and V antenna cover 87.8%. The not orthogonal area is far away from their main research area. Experiments for the unknown polarization waves analysis and the antenna pattern reconstruction are implemented to demonstrate the polarization coverage and application potential of the fully polarized antenna.