Evaluation of the Suitability of Natural Flower Dyes Spectra on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Containing TiO2 and I-/I-3 With Respect to Stability and Efficiency

Different dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated using TiO
₂
as a semiconductor with two groups of flowers, nursery flowers from Duhok city and mountain flowers. The ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectra of these dyes were examined. Current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics for each fabricated cell were recorded at ambient temperature. The stability of these cells has been examined through annealing time. The mountain flower dyes have been collected from Gara Mountain at a height about 2500 m above sea level for which they are believed to have resistivity to UV light. The efficiencies of the cells mostly depend on the visible absorption of the dye while their stabilities depend on the ultraviolet absorption of these dyes. As a compromise, the nursery flower dyes efficiencies were between 1.88% and 4.19%, while mountain flowers were between 1.83% and 4.82%. Although we get low efficiency in comparison to other workers, however, in this study we are after getting the best stability of natural flower dyes. The current findings are substantially added to our understanding of the stability of DSSC. Some suitable stable natural flowers were selected for our new program of DSSC research. The statistical P values show that the efficiencies of mountain flower dyes are much more stable than that of nursery flower dyes.