Configuration of an Energy Storage System for Primary Frequency Reserve and Inertia Response of the Power Grid

The replacement of traditional fossil fuels by renewable energy sources (RESs) leads to the loss of power grid's frequency support capability while reducing the greenhouse effect. To improve the primary frequency reserve (PFR) and the inertia response (IR) of the grid, a configuration method for an energy storage system (ESS) is proposed. The relationship between the maximum power fluctuation that the system can withstand and the proportion of RESs is deduced in this paper considering the frequency requirements. The capacity and the control parameters of the ESS under the third-order virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy are configured to improve the system's ability to promote energy consumption. Taking the unit power regulation and the inertia constant as references, the contribution of the ESS under different power fluctuations and different control parameters is analyzed. Finally, the simulation results show that the ESS with the proposed methodology has eminent control characteristics and flexible power flow, which can effectively improve the grid's operating environment.